The production of steel and cement is essential to modern society, underpinning everything from infrastructure to construction. However, these industries are also among the largest contributors to global carbon dioxide emissions, accounting for approximately 8% of total emissions from steel manufacturing and around 7% from cement production.

In burgeoning urban environments, the efficient management of transportation is critical for maintaining livability and reducing environmental impact. Among the contributing factors to urban congestion are the often unseen challenges of parking.